GLOSSARY OF POP-UP TERMS
Definitions, terms, types of movables

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CAROUSEL - Folding the covers back and tying them with string, ribbon, snap, or velcro, causes the pop-up or dioramic illustrations to form a carousel effect. Some have center strings for hanging or rods for twirling.
 
DIE-CUT - The process of cutting paper in a shape or design using a wooden block (die) which holds hand-pounded steel in the shape of the desired pattern. Think of a die as a cookie cutter cutting a shape in dough.
 
DISSOLVING DISC - see METAMORPHOSIS definition #1
 
DOUBLE PAGE-POP-UP - A three-dimensional illustration which spans the gutter formed by two adjacent pages.
 
FANFOLDED POP-UP - Slits and folds are made on a printed page which is then folded accordion-style so that when the page is opened, the illustration will rise above the level of the page. A three-dimensional effect is achieved in this way.
 
FLAPS - One or more illustrated papers glued at one point. Lifting a flap exposes the illustration directly beneath it. (see Lift-the-flap)
 
GATEFOLD - Edge of a page folded back on itself which when unfolded extends the size of the page providing more text or extending an illustration.
 
HARLEQUINADE (or TURN-UP)-Named after the popular English figure, illustrations folded up or down over themselves changing the original illustration and moving the story along. (see HISTORY OF POP-UPS)
 
LIFT-THE-FLAP - A single piece of paper attached to the base page as a single point which covers an illustration, text, or a movable illustration. 'Lifting the flap' exposes the base page's illustration, text, or movable.
 
METAMORPHOSIS (or TRANSFORMATION)- Convention uses these terms interchangeably for two different mechanisms.

1.   Two circular illustrations sharing one center axis have pie-shaped cuts which will allow them to intersect when moved (usually by a string or tab) so that the top illustration will rotate over the bottom illustration allowing the bottom illustration to show through. The top illustration 'metamorphoses' or 'transforms' into the bottom illustration. (also called DISSOLVING WHEEL)

2.   Two illustrations are slit like Venetian blinds vertically or horizontally. When pulled by a tab or ribbon, one illustration will slide over the other, 'metamorphosing' or 'transforming' into the other.

PAPER ENGINEER - An artist who makes paper illustrations move through various techiniques, e.g. cutting, folding, glueing. The paper engineer may or may not also be the illustrator.
 
PEEP SHOW (or TUNNEL BOOK) - A series of illustrations die-cut to the shape of the illustration, spaced one behind the other, and supported by side panels. The front cover has one or more die-cut openings to allow viewing of the inside illustrations. The overlapping of the various illustrations creates a sense of depth, as in looking into a tunnel.
 
POP-UP - An illustration which when activated either by the opening of a page or lifting a flap rises above the level of the page. A three-dimensional illustration.
 
PULL-TABS (or TAB MECHANICAL)- Paper (or ribbon or string) extensions from an illustration which when pulled, pushed, or slid cause an illustration to move, lift up, or pop-up.
 
TRANSFORMATION (see METAMORPHOSIS)
 
TUNNEL BOOK (see PEEP SHOW)
 
TURN-UP (see HARLEQUINADE)
 
VOLVELLES - Circles (or die-cut pointers) of paper placed one on top of the other which rotate around a central axis and are secured by a central string or rivet.
 
WHEEL - An illustrated disc of paper secured to the base (stationary) page by a paper disc or grommet between two adjoining pages. Die-cut holes in the base page allows for the illustrations drawn around the wheel to show through the holes.

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